Enterprise Value (EV) Explained: What Investors Actually Pay For a Business

Enterprise value explained: why EV matters, how it differs from market cap, and how investors use EV in valuation multiples like EV/EBITDA.

What is enterprise value?

Enterprise value approximates the value of the entire business (equity + debt − cash). Investors use EV to compare businesses with different leverage fairly.

EV vs market cap

  • Market cap = value of equity only
  • EV includes debt and cash adjustments
  • EV is useful for operating-performance multiples

Use EV in valuation

Learn how investors use EV/EBITDA and peer comparisons.

FAQs

Why subtract cash in enterprise value?

Cash reduces the net price an acquirer effectively pays because it can be used to pay down debt or return to shareholders.

Is EV always meaningful?

It is most useful for operating businesses. Financials (banks/insurers) are often valued with different metrics.

Related

Intrinsic Investor is for education and research only. Not financial advice.