Enterprise Value (EV) Explained: What Investors Actually Pay For a Business

Enterprise value explained: why EV matters, how it differs from market cap, and how investors use EV in valuation multiples like EV/EBITDA.

What is enterprise value?

Enterprise value approximates the value of the entire business (equity + debt − cash). Investors use EV to compare businesses with different leverage fairly.

EV vs market cap

  • Market cap = value of equity only
  • EV includes debt and cash adjustments
  • EV is useful for operating-performance multiples

Use EV in valuation

Learn how investors use EV/EBITDA and peer comparisons.

FAQs

Why subtract cash in enterprise value?▼

Cash reduces the net price an acquirer effectively pays because it can be used to pay down debt or return to shareholders.

Is EV always meaningful?▼

It is most useful for operating businesses. Financials (banks/insurers) are often valued with different metrics.

Related

Intrinsic Investor is for education and research only. Not financial advice.