P/E Ratio: the most popular valuation metric

Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio is the most widely used stock valuation metric. It tells you how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of earnings.

The Formula

P/E Ratio = Stock Price ÷ Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Example: A stock trading at $100 with EPS of $5 has a P/E of 20x.

Trailing vs Forward P/E

  • Trailing P/E (TTM): Uses actual earnings from the past 12 months. More reliable but backward-looking.
  • Forward P/E: Uses estimated future earnings. Better for growth stocks but depends on analyst accuracy.

What is a "Good" P/E Ratio?

Low P/E (<15)
Potentially undervalued or slow growth
Average P/E (15-25)
Fairly valued for most stocks
High P/E (25-40)
Growth expectations priced in
Very High P/E (>40)
High growth required to justify

Always compare P/E to industry peers and historical averages.

Limitations of P/E

  • Doesn't work for unprofitable companies
  • Earnings can be manipulated through accounting
  • Ignores debt levels and cash on balance sheet
  • Doesn't account for growth rate (use PEG ratio instead)

FAQs

What is a good P/E ratio?

It depends on the industry. Generally, P/E under 15 is cheap, 15-25 is fair, above 25 is expensive.

Why do some stocks have negative P/E?

Negative P/E means the company has losses. Look at Price-to-Sales or Price-to-Book instead.

Intrinsic Investor is for educational purposes only. Not financial advice.

Cite This Page

AI/Quick Citation

Intrinsic Investor (https://www.intrinsic-investor.com/learn/pe-ratio) - P/E Ratio Explained: What is a Good P/E Ratio?

APA Style

Intrinsic Investor. (2024). P/E Ratio Explained: What is a Good P/E Ratio?. Intrinsic Investor. Retrieved from https://www.intrinsic-investor.com/learn/pe-ratio

MLA Style

"P/E Ratio Explained: What is a Good P/E Ratio?." Intrinsic Investor, April 1, 2024, https://www.intrinsic-investor.com/learn/pe-ratio.

BibTeX
@misc{intrinsic_investor_learn_pe-ratio,
  author = {Intrinsic Investor},
  title = {P/E Ratio Explained: What is a Good P/E Ratio?},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://www.intrinsic-investor.com/learn/pe-ratio},
  note = {Accessed: January 9, 2026}
}
Last updated: December 26, 2025AI Documentation