Capex vs Opex: What Investors Need to Know

Capex vs opex explained: how capital expenditures differ from operating expenses, and why capex intensity matters for free cash flow and valuation.

Capex vs opex (quick definitions)

Opex keeps the business running day-to-day. Capex is spending on long-lived assets (equipment, buildings, software capitalization). Capex reduces free cash flow.

Why investors care

  • Capital-intensive businesses may have lower free cash flow
  • Depreciation can lag real capex needs
  • DCF valuation depends on sustainable free cash flow

Link capex to intrinsic value

Use cash flow and DCF concepts to understand reinvestment needs.

FAQs

Is capex always bad?

No. Growth capex can create value. The key is whether returns on invested capital are attractive.

Why do some businesses have high capex?

Utilities, telecom, industrials, and energy often require ongoing asset investment to operate.

Related

Intrinsic Investor is for education and research only. Not financial advice.